eastwick



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

' A E. EASTWIOK.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 389,207. 8 Patented Sept. 11, 1888.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. E. EASTWIGK.

. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 389,207. Patented Sept. 11, 1888.

WITNESSES, 7w Eyvgm R Z 7@ 7 M B PEKERS, Pnomun n hu, Washington. D. c.

UNITED STATES ARTHUR EUGENE EASTWIGK, OE DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNO E,BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, OF TWOTHTRDS TO JOHIT T. LlGGITT ANDALVA T. HILL, OE SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 389,207, datedSeptember 11, 1888.

Application filed January 18, 1888. Serial No. 261,108. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ARTHUR EUGENE EAST- WIOK, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigau, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Motors; and I declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,which form a part of this specification.

My invention consists of the combinations of devices and appliances,hereinafter specified,and more particularly pointed outin the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view in elevation upon the side adjacentto the commutator of a machine embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is an end view.

'Fig. 4 is a separate view, in side elevation, of

the armature without its windings of wire. Fig. 5 is a sectional view ofthe same by a plane passed longitudinally of the axis. Fig.

2 6 is a separate view of the pieces of sheet metal of which the spokesof the armature are made up. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the plate employedat the end of each spoke.

The invention is designed more particularly for electric motors,although applicable alike to generators of electricity.

My invention consists more particularly in the relative construction andlocation of the field-magnets, their pole-pieces, and the re- 5 volvingarmature, the said fieldniagnets being in the plane of the armature-ringand with pole-pieces stretching from core to core over and beneath thearmature, so that the armature shall not only be entirely housed at itsperiphery by the magnets and pole'pieces, but

shall revolve in close contiguity to the polepieces and adjacentmagnets, as more particularly hereinafter described; also, in a peculiarconstruction of armature, the same being made in the form of radialspokes upon which the bobbins are wound, said spokes each made up oflaminae of sheet-iron, each complete spoke being removable or insertibleas a whole;

also, in a novel construction whereby the laminae in each spoke arealternately connected to the laminte of the adjacent spokes by bolts.

In carrying out my invention, A represents the field-magnets, B thepole-pieces, and O the armature, of my improved motor. D is itscommutator, E its brushes, and F the armatore-shaft.

The fieldmagnets A are arranged, as shown, in the plane of the armatureO, and the polepieces B join the upper and lower ends of themagnet-cores and closely embrace the armature. This constructioncompletely houses the periphery of the armature, so as to shield itagainst injury from outside sources. The armature is in the form of ahub, C, of brass or diamagnet-ic material,with radiating spokes 6 C".The bobbins are wound, as shown, around the spokes upon an interposedinsulating material in the usual manner, and at the end of each spoke isan iron plate, G, which constitutes a magnetic head, when the spoke towhich 0 it is attached is converted into a magnet by the action of thecurrent in its bobbin.

The operation of the motor will now be un derstood. The commutator isarranged to change the direction of the current in each of the bobbinsat the moment it reaches the middle of either pole-piece B in the usualmanner, the field-magnetsand bobbins being wound in series. The current,entering at either binding-post, magnetizes the cores of thefieldmagnets, and their poles of maximum excite ment are thus fixed atthe middle of each pole piece B. The bobbins on the armatnrespokesreceive current in a direction to so polarize each spoke that it shallpresent an opposite S polarity to the polarized section of thefieldmagnet and their pole-pieces, and the maxiirnurn polarity iscentered in the magnet head or plate G. As the armature revolves, theseplates G pass in very close proximity to the 0 field-magnets and theirpole-pieces B. They are therefore in position to receive the greatestattraction while approaching the centers of the pole-pieces and thegreatest repulsion as they recede therefrom after their own po- 9 5 So,also, since larities have been changed.

the armature revolves in the plane of the fieldmagnets and very closelythereto, it is evident that the core of the field-magnet begins toattract the adjacent plate G the moment the latter rises past the middleor neutral point of the field-magnet, and this attraction is maintainedand increased until the maximum attraction of one forthe other isreached at the middle of the pole-piece B, where, by reason of thechange in direction of the current in the bobbins, its maximum repulsionbegins. This repulsion is then maintained in like manner until thearmature-plate G revolves down past the neutral point in the otherfield-magnet, when attraction again begins.

I will now proceed to describe the peculiar construction of my armature.

Each spoke is made up of laminae c of sheetiron. These are each shapedsubstantially as shown in Fig. 6, with a projecting heel, 0, adapted torest upon the hub and to extend laterally over to the laminae of theadjacent spoke. These pieces a are arranged side by side, so that eachalternate piece shall have its heel c presenting toward one adjacentspoke, while the other pieces have their heels 0 turned toward the otheradjacent spoke. In this way the heels 0 of one spoke mesh with the heelsof both the adjacent spokes, and bolts or screws H serve to unite themall into one solid wheel.

The pieces 0 are each provided at their 4 outer ends with a dovetailtenon adapted to be passed through the central enlarged opening,

g, of the head G and thence shifted laterally along the dovetailed slotg until the pieces 0 are all in place, The last one inserted would restin the enlarged opening 9, and, if desirable, might be slightlyrivet-headed at its outer end to preventits disengagement. The spokethus made up has a bobbin wound upon it. It is then placed in itsposition in the wheel with the other spokes constructed in like mannerand united therewith by the bolts or screws H. The spokes can be made ofgreater or less breadth by simply employing more or less of the pieces 0and plates G with correspondingly larger or shorter dovetailed slots y.

I is a clutch for engaging the motor to a table or other support, and ofcourse may or may not be employed.

A motor constructed as here described possesses the advantage of extremesimplicity, and its armature is housed so as neither liable to be itselfinjured nor to become a source of injury to persons or property. Theconstruction is also such, as explained, that each bobbin on thearmature and its magnetic core contribute either by attraction orrepulsion, throughout the entire circumference of its travel to thepower developed by the motor. The motor therefore has a very highefficiency, delivering a great power in proportion to the dimensions ofthe motor and the current delivered to it. Moreover, the armature is atonce exceedingly strong, simple, and efficient.

If a bobbin is injured, a new spoke or bobbin may be quickly inserted,or the injured one removed and repaired.

The spoke-armature in which the spokes are made of laminze of sheet-ironis a very important feature of my invention; but I would have itunderstood that it is not absolutely essential that the spokes should bethus made of.laminze, but each spoke may be made of solid metal, and theresulting motor would be an improvement, owing to the form andarrangement of its parts over other motors that have preceded it.

What I claim is 1. In an electric motor, the combination, with thefield-magnets and pole-pieces, all arranged in the plane of thearmature, of a spokearmatnre the spokes of which constitute the cores ofthe bobbins, each spoke being independently and separately made ofstrips 0, of sheet metal, engaged with a common head, G, at their ends,said spokes at their inner ends being in contact with each other,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. An armature made of separate spokes constituting the cores of thebobbins, each spoke composed of pieces 0, of shect-iron,with heels 0,said pieces arranged side by side to present their heels alternately inopposite directions, said heels adapted to mesh with the correspondingheels of the adjacent spokes, and means for uniting said meshing parts,substantially as described.

3. An armature made of separate spokes constituting the cores of thebobbins, each spoke made of pieces 0, of sheet-iron, with heels 0,presenting alternately in opposite directions, the heels of one spokeadapted to mesh with corresponding heels of the adjacent spokes, andbolts or screws H, whereby they are united, substantially as described.

4. An armature made of separate spokes constituting the cores of thebobbins, each spoke composed of pieces 0, of sheet metal, with heels-c,said pieces arranged side by side to present their heels alternately inopposite directions, said heels being adapted to mesh with thecorresponding heels of the adjacent spokes, means for uniting saidmeshing parts, and the heads G, each provided with a central slot whichis engaged by dovetail tenons on the ends of the sheet-metal pieces 0,substantially as shown and described.

5. The armature-spoke made up of pieces 0, having heels 0, ofsheet-iron, their free ends provided with dovetail tenons, and an ironplate, G, provided with a dovetail slot, g,with which said tenons areengaged, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of twowitnesses.

ARTHUR EUGENE EASTWICK.

Witnesses:

M. B. ODoGHERTY, W. H. WILLEBRANDs.

ICC

